Spanish Renaissance sculpture was rich in both national and foreign artists. Among these foreign artists was Felipe Bigarny (a Frenchman from Langres, but Hispanicized), author of the retrochoir of Burgos Cathedral (1498), an who worked in the altar of the main chapel of Toledo in 1499. Thirty years later, he also did some work in […]
THE RENAISSANCE IN SPAIN. Sculpture — The Artistic Adventure of Mankind
Archaeologists have unearthed one of Europe’s largest Neolithic standing stone complexes near the city of Huelva in southwestern Spain, ahead of plans to grow avocados there. The oldest upright stones — called “menhirs” in many parts of Europe, possibly from a Celtic word for “stone” — could be up to 7,500 years old, and the […]
7,500-year-old Spanish ‚Stonehenge‘ discovered on future avocado farm | Live Science — Tom Metcalfe
After the reconquest of Toledo, Spain in 1085 CE, there were many Muslim people still living in the region under Christian rule. These people were called Mudéjar. Mudéjar artisans were employed to build and decorate new Christian churches erected in southern Spain, and they utilized their tradition of elaborate pattern-making and ceramic tilework in the […]
Mudéjar Ceramic Tiles — JTW Ceramics
At the end of the 15th century Spain was invaded by foreign artists. The Catholic Monarchs, as well as magnates and great ecclesiastics called for Dutch, Burgundian, German, and French architects, sculptors, and carvers. This migration of artists was a general phenomenon in Europe at the time. Until the middle of the 16th century Flemish […]
THE RENAISSANCE IN SPAIN. The Architecture, Part 1 — The Artistic Adventure of Mankind
This is an amazing photo by Rob Shaw of the Poulnabrone (Irish: Poll na Brón) dolmen. Around 33 human remains were found buried underneath it which were dated to between 5800 BP (or is it calibrated BP?) and 5200 BP (or is it calibrated BP?)…
The dolmen is located in Burren, a barren limestone area in the north of the county Claire, West of Ireland…
Pollen analysis indicates that in the Mesolithic period the Burren looked completely different from today, with most of the uplands covered in a mixture of deciduous, pine and yew trees. No clear evidence of Mesolithic settlements or camp sites in the area has yet been discovered.
However, by the Neolithic, c. 5100BP (5800 calibrated BP), settlers had clearly arrived and began changing the landscape through deforestation, likely by overgrazing and burning, and the building of stone walls.
These people also constructed Megalithic sites like the Poulnabrone dolmen. In total 70 megalithic tombs were built in the Burren area…
Now the remains found in the Poulnabrone dolmen showed signs of arthritis, illness and malnutrition. In most cases the physical condition of the remains indicated lives spent in hard physical labour. Everyone died by the age of 30…So agriculture was not very successful, I would say…
Today I came across this interesting paper: „Farming and woodland dynamics in Ireland during the Neolithic„
In it we can read about „the Elm Decline“, the decimation of the Irish elms which is thought to be a result of a disease which affected only elms. The event is dated to around 5100BP (5800 calibrated BP).
read more: http://oldeuropeanculture.blogspot.com/2020/10/burren.html
This is the so called Giant’s Ring, a late Neolithic henge monument at Ballynahatty, near Shaw’s Bridge, Belfast, Northern Ireland…
Inside the enclosure, east of the centre, is a small passage tomb with an entrance passage facing west…
The genetic data obtained from the female remains found inside the tomb, and dated to (3343–3020 cal. BC) shows „predominant ancestry from early farmers“ and „haplotypic affinity with modern southern Mediterranean populations such as Sardinians“.
Also „she shares higher levels of genetic drift with Early and MN samples from Spain rather than those from Germany…and arguing for the possible passage of farming to Ireland via a southern coastal route rather than via the migrations through central Europe“.
From „Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome“
Now this is pointing at the neolithic people (first farmers) migrating into Europe following two routes, both starting in the Balkans:
1. Up along Morava river to Danube and then up along Danube river into centra Europe and onward to North and Baltic seas and then further into Britain.
2. Along north mediterranean coast via Italy, France, Spain and further into Ireland.
Now according to the archaeological data presented in „Farming and woodland dynamics in Ireland during the Neolithic“ the first farmers arrived to Ireland some time after „the great elm decline“ which is pinned to around 3800BC.
Now at that time, in the 4th millennium BC, the tourists wanting to travel along the north Mediterranean coast had two options: to walk, or to use the Neolithic seafaring trading routes that we know existed between Balkans and Iberia (via Sicily and Sardinia). I talked about this trading route in my post „Neolithic seafarers„.
read more:http://oldeuropeanculture.blogspot.com/2020/10/giants-ring.html
über 4. The Reconquest
Mérida ist die Hauptstadt der Extremadura und gehört zu der Provinz Bajadoz. Sie wurde 25 v.Chr. von Kaiser Augustus für die Veteranen der Römischen Legionen, die die iberische Halbinsel erobert hatten, gegründet. Emerita Augusta wurde sie genannt und wurde mit allem Luxus wie Theater, Amphitheater, Rennbahn und schmucken Bädern ausgestattet, damit die Veteranen einen genussvollen […]
Die Goldene Landschaft 